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Basis for conservation assessment of Plant diversity of dry basic habitats within the forest environment in the Doksy region
Martinec, Pavel ; Sádlo, Jiří (advisor) ; Pivnička, Karel (referee)
Theme: Basis for conservation assessment of Plant diversity of dry basic habitats within the forest environment in the Doksy region Abstract: The subject of present study is high species richness of vascular plants on localities of dry basic habitats in Doksy region. This habitats are enclosed by nutrients poor habitats of coniferous forests, restricted to small areas and spatially isolated. The dry basic habitats represent high valuable areas for nature conservation due to high α-diversity and occurence of rare plant species with scarce populations within flora of Czech Republic. The aim of study is to collect and review known data about dry basic habitats of Doksy region and their biodiversity. Consequently find optimal approaches in analysis of biodiversity and approach in interpretation for nature conservation. Actual status of flora and vegetation depend on environmental factors, biotic interaction, evolution and historic development. The perspective theoretical approach in species diversity analysis shows the species-pool hypothesis (Taylor et al. 1990) which assorts and describes these factors. Keywords: biodivesity, vascular plants, Doksy region, species-pool hypothesis, nature conservation
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Historický vývoj a vegetační změny nivy dolního úseku řeky Labe
ROTTENBORN, Jan
This work has been divided into two main sections theoretical and research sections. The theoretical section focuses on the bases for the studied issue. It mainly defines a floodplain and wider space of a river and presents development of recognition of processes, which we refer to as vegetation development and dynamics. These range from the theory of plant succession to vegetation succession in view of the significantly distributed environment. And it also shows how a one-sided view of the effect of a river on vegetation with recognition changed only after the biogemorphic approach, when all described parts are mutually related. Today no one will be surprised that vegetation also influences geomorphic processes, such as erosion and sedimentation, and that this view of the issue has been through its own development. The next part of the work presents the monitored territory and characterises natural phenomena, such as geomorphology, geology, hydrology and selected environmental characteristics (potential vegetation, climate, phytocelonology and phytogeography). It also summarises all available botanical data regarding the territory and familiarises the reader with the history and current status of botanical research. The final part of the work presents known changes which have occurred in the floodplain in the recent period (over several centuries). These mainly include changes in the manifestation of the river, indicated by changed oscillation of the water level, adjustments to the river bed and floodplain as such, along with pollution and eutrophisation of the river, a change to generic class (entry of neophytes and plant invasion) and a change to floodplain management. The research section is divided into four parts, which correspond to published or soon-to-be-published articles. The first collects all available data about historical species composition, compares them with the current situation and tries to put them into context with the changes that have occurred and area occurring in the floodplain. The second (and from my point of view crucial) part is based on long-term collection of data at permanent monitoring points. A large number of collected images (more than 700) include a large amount of information about the current composition of vegetation and make it possible to compare year-to-year changes, put them into context with changes in monitored abiotic factors and estimate the frequency of the processes that occur on gravel days. The third part focuses on the Corrigiola litoralis, known by its common name strapwort, which, as has already been stated in the introduction, is a critically endangered species and is also very characteristic for the studied groups. This part attempts if possible to present in the most effective way this species, its biology and changes in its population and to identify potential threats as well as opportunities. The fourth final part attempts to show other options for examination of vegetation changes. It uses the resources of geographical information systems. It presents examples of how the river flow in a relatively short period of time in a "little regulated" part has changed and how vegetation reacts to it. It uses both historical map data and modern aerial shots adjusted to orthophotographs.
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Geographical parthenogenesis: evolutionary and ecological significance of apomictic reproduction in vascular plants
Hartmann, Matthias ; Mráz, Patrik (advisor) ; Dobeš, Christoph (referee) ; Krahulec, František (referee)
It has been suggested that polyploidization affects the ecological niche of a species, possibly ultimately leading to a shift in the distribution of the species, such as in geographical parthenogenesis. The phenomenon describes the wider distribution and shift of asexuals towards higher altitudes, northern latitudes and more extreme habitats when compared with their closely related sexual relatives. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain such patterns with lacking empirical evidence because investigations rather focused on single hypotheses, which were rather tested several times independently on multiple organisms than vice versa. Therefore, the present study aimed to tackle the phenomenon of geographical parthenogenesis from multiple angles, i.e. testing several hypotheses simultaneously using Hieracium alpinum as a model system. In the arcto-alpine Asteraceae H. alpinum sexually reproducing diploid individuals occur in a small isolated area in the Eastern and Southern Carpathians, while apomictically reproducing, i.e. asexual reproduction via seeds, triploid plants occupy the remaining and much larger part of the range from the Balkans to the arctic parts of Europe. This implies that asexual triploids have had some fitness / colonization advantage(s), leading to a replacement of sexual diploids...
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Early vascular plants in the Czech Republic
Uhlířová, Monika ; Kvaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Opluštil, Stanislav (referee)
Vascular plants are characterized as a group of plants, which are already fully adapted to live on the land. Their evolution is a result of a set of adaptations that have required the necessary changes at anatomical and morphological level. Some evidences about the rise of vascular plants appear in the fossil record from the Middle Ordovician in the form of spores and later also from the Early Silurian in the form of megafossils. The aim of the thesis is to briefly describe and discuss the most important published findings of fossils, especially megafossils, of the early vascular plants from the Silurian. Interest is especially focused on published material from the Czech Republic. The thesis also includes more detailed description of the genus Cooksonia, representing the first vascular plants, which are discovered in the megafossil record. Key words: vascular plants, spores, megafossils, Silurian
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Relationship between species diversity, temperature and productivity for native and non-native plant species
Szostoková, Kateřina ; Šímová, Irena (advisor) ; Hejda, Martin (referee)
Latitudinal gradient of diversity is typically being explained by the three main hypotheses: The Resources Limitation Hypothesis, The Speciation Rate Hypothesis and The Niche Conservatism Hypothesis. In my study I tested basic assumptions of these hypotheses using native and non-native vascular plants obtained from the new database GloNAF (Global Naturalized Alien Flora). I tested an effect of precipitation, NPP, temperature and historical velocity (difference in temperature and precipitation between the Last Glacial Maximum and present) on species richness. Given that the distribution of non-native species is among continents irregular (we can divide them into two groups - Australia with Europe and North America and South America with Africa and Asia), I tested the abovementioned relationships at both - global and continental scale. Species richness of native species increased with NPP, precipitation and temperature and decreased with the difference in temperature. The global distribution of non-native plants increased with precipitation and temperature velocity and decreases with temperature and precipitation velocity, although the results varied for particular continents. Unlike other studies the number of non-native species didn't correlate with the number of native plant species. Concurrently...
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Basis for conservation assessment of Plant diversity of dry basic habitats within the forest environment in the Doksy region
Martinec, Pavel ; Sádlo, Jiří (advisor) ; Pivnička, Karel (referee)
Theme: Basis for conservation assessment of Plant diversity of dry basic habitats within the forest environment in the Doksy region Abstract: The subject of present study is high species richness of vascular plants on localities of dry basic habitats in Doksy region. This habitats are enclosed by nutrients poor habitats of coniferous forests, restricted to small areas and spatially isolated. The dry basic habitats represent high valuable areas for nature conservation due to high α-diversity and occurence of rare plant species with scarce populations within flora of Czech Republic. The aim of study is to collect and review known data about dry basic habitats of Doksy region and their biodiversity. Consequently find optimal approaches in analysis of biodiversity and approach in interpretation for nature conservation. Actual status of flora and vegetation depend on environmental factors, biotic interaction, evolution and historic development. The perspective theoretical approach in species diversity analysis shows the species-pool hypothesis (Taylor et al. 1990) which assorts and describes these factors. Keywords: biodivesity, vascular plants, Doksy region, species-pool hypothesis, nature conservation
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The Black and Red lists of the Giant Mountains flora: Do the extinct and endangered plants have common properties?
Blahník, Jan ; Čihař, Martin (referee) ; Krahulec, František (advisor)
A list of extinct and endangered species of the Giant Mountains was published in 2009, which presents a uniform view of vascular plants on the Polish and the Czech sides of the mountains. This Bachelor's Thesis is focused on the most endangered and the extinct species, for which common properties were sought, while it was not clear, whether such properties actually existed. The Bachelor's Thesis evaluates factors that could be traced in literature. Data concerning the type of propagation, which is of key importance for the maintenance of species, however, are not stated in literature for the absolute majority of cases. Easily traceable data concerned the properties of the subsoil, biotope types and properties, life form (was not eventually evaluated), phytogeographic areas, degrees of vegetation and endemism. It cannot be expected that a comparison of the results would show conformity anywhere in the region of 100%, yet certain signs of common properties can be deduced from some results. For example, for one-fifth to one-third of C1 and A1 category species a common property is an acid substrate, 30-40% of C1 category species occur in oreophytic areas, for some 30% of extinct and endangered species, the common sign is their occurrence in meadow sites, 30-40% of critically endangered species occur in...
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Effect of management on the vegetation and the species diversity of vascular plants and bryophytes of the Bohemian Forest{\crq}s fen meadows
VELEHRADSKÁ, Tereza
Effect of management on the vegetation, the species composition and the species diversity of vascular plants and bryophytes of fen meadows was studied. Relevés (4x4m2) were sampled at seven mown sites and at seven unmown sites across the Bohemian Forest and foothills of Bohemian Forest during the summer season of 2009. General linear models and methods of direct and indirect gradient analysis were used for evaluation of species data. The influence of management on differences in species composision of vascular plants and bryophytes was significant. The management had significant effect on the number of species of vascular plants, the number of Sphagnum species and the cover of Sphagnum species. The significant impact of management on the species diversity, the percentage share of rare species and the number of species and cover of all bryophytes was not found.
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Floristic research in the basin of Pozdeňský and Bilíchovský creeks of Slánsko
BERANOVÁ, Hana
ANNOTATION Hana Beranová University of south Bohemia in České Budějovice {--} Faculty of education {--} department of biology Course: M7504 Teacher for grammar schools Fields of study: Teaching of biology, Teaching of chemistry Floristic research of catchment area of Pozdeň stream and Bílichov stream round Slaný Diploma thesis 2008 The study deals with a description of vegetation of catchment area of Bakov stream and Zlonice stream. In title of study are used the names Pozdeň stream and Bílichov stream, but it{\crq}s only local description. The search had been realised during the vegetation seasons of the years 2006 and 2007. There are characterised geological-petrographical, soil, climatic, hydrographic ratios and basic phytogeographical characteristics of this area in the form of a search. Selected genera of the observed plants are characterised and their incidence is figured in the schematic map of the area. There were found out 299 genera of plants, from which there are 48 stated in the Červený a černý seznam cévnatých rostlin České republiky (stav v roce 2000) (Procházka F. (ed.), 2001). There are described locations of important genera of plants. In discussion of the thesis are described factors, which influence the incidence of some genera of plants. In the annex there are attached schematic maps with places of occurence of the plant genera and photographic documentation. Head of the diploma thesis: Mgr. Rostislav Černý, CSc.
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